Looking Back at the Bombing of Pan Am Flight 103

Glancing Back at the Bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 On December 21, 1988, Pan Am Flight 103 detonated over Lockerbie, Scotland, executing every one of the 259 individuals on board just as 11 on the ground. In spite of the fact that it was very quickly clear that a bomb had caused the debacle, it took over eleven years to carry anybody to preliminary. What befell the plane? For what reason would somebody plant a bomb on Flight 103? For what reason did it take eleven years to have a preliminary? The Explosion Dish Am Flight 103 maneuvered out of the entryway at Heathrow Airport in London at 6:04 p.m. on December 21, 1988, four days before Christmas. The 243 travelers and 16 group individuals were setting themselves up for a moderately long trip to New York. In the wake of navigating for a couple of moments, Flight 103, on a Boeing 747, took off at 6:25 p.m. They had no clue about that they just had 38 additional minutes to live. By 6:56 p.m., the plane had arrived at 31,000 feet. At 7:03 p.m., the plane detonated. Control had quite recently been giving Flight 103s leeway to begin its maritime portion of their excursion to New York when Flight 103s blip went off their radar. Seconds after the fact the one enormous blip was supplanted with different blips voyaging downwind. For the occupants of Lockerbie, Scotland, their bad dream was going to start. It resembled meteors tumbling from the sky, portrayed inhabitant Ann McPhail ( Newsweek, Jan. 2, 1989, pg. 17). Flight 103 was over Lockerbie when it detonated. Numerous inhabitants depicted the sky illuminating and an enormous, stunning thunder. They before long observed bits of the plane just as bits of bodies arriving in fields, in lawns, on wall, and on housetops. Fuel from the plane was at that point ablaze before it hit the ground; some of it arrived on houses, causing the houses to detonate. One of the planes wings hit the ground in the southern region of Lockerbie. It hit the ground with such effect that it made a cavity 155 feet in length, uprooting roughly 1500 tons of earth. The nose of the plane landed generally flawless in a field around four miles from the town of Lockerbie. Many said the nose helped them to remember a fishs head cut off from its body. Destruction was flung more than 50 square miles. Twenty-one of Lockerbies houses were totally demolished and eleven of its inhabitants were dead. In this manner, the absolute loss of life was 270 (the 259 on board the plane in addition to the 11 on the ground). Why Was Flight 103 Bombed? Despite the fact that the flight held travelers from 21 nations, the besieging of Pan Am Flight 103 hit the United States particularly hard. Not just on the grounds that 179 of the 259 individuals on board were Americans, but since the shelling broke Americas feeling of wellbeing and security. Americans, by and large, felt trodden upon by the obscure risk of fear mongering. In spite of the fact that there is no uncertainty of the loathsomeness of this accident, this bomb, and its outcome was only the latest in a string of comparative occasions. As retribution for the shelling of a Berlin club where two U.S. work force were slaughtered, President Ronald Reagan requested the besieging of Libyas capital Tripoli and the Libyan city of Benghazi in 1986. A few people feel that bombarding Pan Am Flight 103 was in reprisal for these bombings. In 1988, the USS Vincennes (a U.S. guided rocket cruiser) destroyed an Iranian traveler fly, executing each of the 290 individuals ready. There is little uncertainty this caused as much ghastliness and distress as the blast on Flight 103. The U.S. government guarantees that the USS Vincennes erroneously recognized the traveler plane as a F-14 warrior fly. Others accept that the besieging over Lockerbie was in counter for this calamity. Directly after the accident, an article in Newsweek expressed, It would be up to George Bush to choose whether, and how, to fight back (Jan. 2, 1989, pg. 14). Does the United States have any more option to fight back than do the Arab nations? The Bomb After agents had met more than 15,000 individuals, analyzed 180,000 bits of proof, and inquired about in excess of 40 nations, there is some understanding with regards to what exploded Pan Am Flight 103. The bomb was made out of the plastic hazardous Semtex and was enacted by a clock. The bomb was covered up in a Toshiba radio-tape player which thusly, was inside an earthy colored Samsonite bag. Be that as it may, the genuine issue for specialists has been who placed the bomb in the bag and how did the bomb jump on the plane? The specialists accept they got a major break when a man and his canine were strolling in a woods around 80 miles from Lockerbie. While strolling, the man found a T-shirt which ended up having bits of the clock in it. Following the T-shirt just as the creator of the clock, specialists felt sure they realized who besieged Flight 103: Abdelbaset Ali Mohmed al-Megrahi and Al Amin Khalifa Fhimah. Eleven Years of Waiting The two men whom specialists accept are the planes were in Libya. The United States and the United Kingdom needed the men attempted in an American or British court, yet Libyan tyrant Muammar Qaddafi would not remove them. The U.S. furthermore, the U.K. were irate that Qaddafi would not turn over the needed men, so they moved toward the United Nations Security Council for help. To pressure Libya into turning over the two men, the Security Council forced endorses over Libya. In spite of the fact that stinging monetarily from the approvals, Libya consistently wouldn't turn over the men. In 1994, Libya consented to a recommendation that would have the preliminary held in an impartial nation with worldwide appointed authorities. The U.S. what's more, the U.K. declined the proposition. In 1998, the U.S. furthermore, the U.K. offered a comparative proposition yet with Scottish appointed authorities as opposed to universal ones. Libya acknowledged the new proposition in April 1999. In spite of the fact that the agents were once certain that these two men were the planes, there end up being numerous openings in the proof. On January 31, 2001, Megrahi was seen as blameworthy of homicide and was condemned to life detainment. Fhimah was vindicated. On August 20, 2009, the UK gave Megrahi, who experienced terminal prostate malignant growth, a sympathetic discharge from jail with the goal that he could return to Libya to kick the bucket among his family. Almost three years after the fact, on May 20, 2012, Megrahi kicked the bucket in Libya.

Law of corporate governance question ( Criminalising corporate Essay

Law of corporate administration question ( Criminalizing corporate administration disappointments is out of line. Talk about ) - Essay Example In any case, it was set up in Salomon v. Salomon and Co. Ltd that an enrolled company is a lawful individual, separate from its individuals. This guideline might be alluded to as the shroud of the consolidation. Along these lines, the law won't avoid this standard and go behind the different character of the enterprise to the members.1 such huge numbers of reason exist for corporate authorities to rear behind the veil2; one which is to submit misrepresentation, another many be to â€Å"confuse and conceal†3 But there are special cases to the standard in Salomon’s Case where the cloak is lifted, or pieced and the law ignores the corporate element and pays respects rather to the financial real factors behind the lawful veneer, that is, the place the realities override structure. The special cases ought to anyway be arranged between those given by rule and those given by law4 Why should the courts lift the shroud of the company? The sole explanation is on the grounds that keeping up it will make numerous issues condemn corporate administration disappointment. ... e character to the individual individuals or disregards the different character of each organization for the financial element comprised by a gathering of related companies†6 The courts have received an increasingly summed up approach based of the enthusiasm of equity similar to the directing light. Along these lines, Lord Denning M. R was set up to lift the cover in Wallersteiner v. Moir7. Rather than depending in light of a legitimate concern for equity approach, the Court of Appeal in Adams v. Cape Industries plc8 had applied the test as expressed by Lord Keith in Woolfson v. Strathclyde Regional Council9 that the shroud would just be pieced where extraordinary conditions exist showing that it is a female horse veneer hiding the verifiable realities. Along these lines, there must be some improprietory before a shroud can be lifted10, for example, false trading11 or unfair trading12. Rather than depending in light of a legitimate concern for equity approach, the Court of Appe al in the Adams case had applied the test as expressed by Lord Reid in the Scottish instance of Woolfson v. Strathclyde Regional Council over, that the shroud would just be pieced where uncommon conditions exist showing that there is a minor exterior covering the verifiable realities. The case, similar to Adams concerned the issue with regards to whether a gathering of organizations should be viewed as a solitary organization for the reasons for founding legitimate procedures. The court’s position is hence in any event, turning out to be more clear. There must and always be some proof of imporprietory. Then again, where the presence of some improprietory can't be set up, the courts will never lift the cloak. In this manner, and in such cases, the organization can't be condemned. This methodology was taken by Toulson J in Yukong Line Ltd v. Rendsburg Investment Corporation13. A comparative methodology was additionally taken on account of Ord v.

Essay Samples About Pakistan - How to Write an Essay About Pakistan With Respect For Their People

Essay Samples About Pakistan - How to Write an Essay About Pakistan With Respect For Their PeopleIt is important to write essay samples about Pakistan. It's a good idea to write on the issues that are a hot button issue when it comes to reading about the country. The reasons for this are fairly simple. No matter how you look at it, the country has been plagued by some pretty horrific and heinous acts of terrorism.The first thing to note is that essays about Pakistan need to have essays samples about Pakistan. Pakistanis hate terrorists in their midst, and they will not be happy with you if you don't point this out. If you write an essay about Pakistan without using the term terrorist, you are insulting them. If you want to have any credibility as an essay writer, you need to use the term.The second thing to keep in mind when looking for essay samples about Pakistan is that you must point out that they are home to various terrorists. In fact, many have been killed by the Pakistani mil itary. Terrorists and violence are basically at the core of the country's problems. This is not a thing you can escape from without giving offense.The third thing to keep in mind when looking for essay samples about Pakistan is that the government of Pakistan has tried to hide many, many problems from the people. They do this because it takes awhile to sort out all the problems that lie within their borders. You should make this clear in your essay samples about Pakistan.The fourth thing to keep in mind when looking for essay samples about Pakistan is that the economy of the country is very fragile. During the time of the Taliban, the economy of the country actually shrank. Their currency has fallen so far that they have become one of the poorest countries in the world.The government is trying to fix the problems it has caused, but that has not happened quickly enough. This means that while they may be trying to do so, they still are doing so on their own. The results have been slow , and there are growing calls for them to step in and help. While you may disagree with their methods, it is important to remember that they cannot solve the problems on their own.The fifth thing to keep in mind when looking for essay samples about Pakistan is that it is illegal to visit the country without a visa. It is also illegal to re-enter the country without one. Many students and academics have been imprisoned in their countries for no reason.So, the next time you are looking for essay samples about Pakistan, keep these things in mind. Remember, it is illegal to visit the country without a visa, it is illegal to re-enter without one, and you can be arrested for visiting without a visa. Those who violate these laws, have been known to get detained and in some cases, incarcerated.

The TOEIC Speaking Test

Artists Can Create Artist Profiles - 841 Words

(i) artists can create artist profiles, Registration of the artist profile would be a step to enforce the company’s rights in case someday I may want to defend my rights or litigation becomes necessary. (ii) artists can upload content (music, videos, photos, text) and create widgets for fans to put on their own blogs websites facebook pages The musicians will be uploading music, videos and images and text onto the service, so there should be a agreement that licenses the trademarks and publicity and likeness rights from the artist, and the copyright from rights holder (Master recording from label, publishing rights from publisher), so that your company can use, as much as possible, to implement, promote and market the service. It should specify that artists will retain their rights for the content that they upload, and is giving the service nonexclusive rights to the music, videos and images and text in order to host the music that musicians upload, stream and allow users to download it on the musicians behalf, the right for other users to listen to your sounds, display whatever text, lyrics, artworks and photos the artists put on the site. It should also clearly state that the musicians must make sure that they own full IP rights of all uploaded content, and if any intellectual property infringement cases comes up, the service should have the right to take it down, and list the standards of when to block or remove content or get accounts suspended or terminated. SinceShow MoreRelatedUse Of Video Mapping And Social Media1527 Words   |  7 Pagesmedia, and how it is used within different types of events. What is Video Mapping? Video mapping is projecting a video onto a 3D object (i.e. a building). 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Diferrence Between Management and Administration Free Essays

Management Vs Administration Page 1. INTRODUCTION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. We will write a custom essay sample on Diferrence Between Management and Administration or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 †¢ Meaning of Administration†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 †¢ Meaning of Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 2. THE MAIN BODY†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 †¢ The differences between administration and management with practical examples†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 3. CONCLUSION†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 4. REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 According to Haimann,T (1978) â€Å"Managing the Modern Organization’’ Administration means overall determination of policies, setting of major objectives, identification of general purposes and laying down of broad programmes and projects while management is the art getting things done through and with people in formally organized groups (Koontz, H 1961, â€Å"The management theory jungle† Administration is the universal process of organizing people and resources efficiently so as to direct activities toward common goals and objectives. It is a process because it involves a series of steps in organizing people and other resources and thus one step cannot be overlooked while management is a human action including design to facilitate the production of useful outcomes from a system. Another American expert, McFarland (1962) in his book, â€Å"American Foundation for Management Research† he defined administration as refers to the determination of major objectives and policies while management to the carrying out of the operations designed to accomplish the aims and effectuate the poicies. Therefore it may appear that both the terms, namely administration and management are connotative of one and the same meaning, but there is actually some kind of differences between the two as follows. Administration is the science of determining the policies and objectives of an organization or a firm, while management is the act of putting into practice the policies and objectives framed by the administration. It can thus be said that administration is a determinative function whereas management is executive function. Feature article about  Production Management It is executive in the sense that it executes the objectives and policies that are already framed by the administration and included in the constitution. A good example can be taken from our Tanzanian ministerial model where by Ministers take roles of formulating broad objective, policies and goals for the ministry (administrator) while the interpretation and the execution of the laid down policies objectives and goals remain in the hands of directors and other responsible personnel (managers) Also administration comprises of top level personnel that have contributed to the capital, that are partners of the company or the organization while management comprises of a group of managers that exhibit their skill in putting into practice the objectives of the organization. It can be simply said that the management is directly under the control of administration or the administration controls the management. For example, financial institution managers like bank managers exhibits their managerial skills by increasing the capital or profit of the bank so as to fulfill the pre laid down objectives by the board of directors or owner (administrator). Therefore management would survive if the administration is satisfied by the management academic show. Hence management should strictly comprise of talented managers that show their ability in translating into practice what the administration expects of them. Moreover planning is the key factor of an administration while motivation is the key factor of management. Planning of all activities in a specified period of time of an organization is done by the administration then management determine on how the planned interventions in a given time can be accomplished whereby it may involve some motivations in most cases so as to raise morale of performance. It is important to note that administrative handles the most vital aspect of an organization, namely, finance. This is due to the fact that administration organizes resources so as to use them to fulfill their mission. While management does not handle the sensitive issue of finance but does handle the method of operation to carry out the strategy of the administration. Therefore managers must be expert of the relevant field he/she work. For example, bank manager must be an expert of the financial field like accounts, business administration e. tc Administration also takes vital decisions of an organization whereas management is not authorized to take vital decisions of an organization but can take decisions within a certain framework, by the approval of the administration. For example, bank managers cannot decide to have business agreement or contracts like loans without prior approval by the administration. Also administration is made of administrators who are in most cases found in government, religious, military and educational organizations, while management is made up by managers who are found in special programs and business institution only. CONCLUSION In general, administration is concerned with the overall determination of policies and objectives and setting of major goals and laying out the broad programmes, whereas, management denotes execution of the objectives and programmes. REFERENCES †¢ Haimann, T. (1978) Managing the Modern Organization, 2nd Edition, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt (HMH). †¢ Saleemi, N,A (2011), Principles and practice of Management Simplified, 2nd Revised Edition, Saleemi Publication LTD. †¢ Koontz, H. (1961) The Management Theory Jungle, in Journal of the academy of Management. †¢ Lecture hand out PUB 113 How to cite Diferrence Between Management and Administration, Essay examples

Mean Girls Movie Review free essay sample

This movie is one of the better teen comedies I have watched. Cady Heron (Lindsay Lohan) is a 15-year-old girl who is going to high school for the first time, after being home schooled for her entire life. Cady’s first friends are Janis Ian and Damien, school outcasts. Janis and Damien warn Cady about the Plastics, the snobby popular girls consisting of Regina George (Rachel McAdams), Gretchen Weiners (Lacey Chabert), and Karen Smith (Amanda Seyfried). Cady is then invited to sit at the Plastic’s sacred table where she is invited to join their clique and Cady’s friends encourage it so they can discover and manipulate the plastics. Janis, Damien and Cady then come up with a plan to ruin Regina George’s (The â€Å"Queen Bee†) life. Lindsay Lohan plays Cady, the main character in Mean Girls. Lindsay played her character marvellously in this movie, and her look suited the character she was playing. We will write a custom essay sample on Mean Girls Movie Review or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page All the actors in this movie were very stereotypical, for example, all the plastics were good-looking and slim whereas the ‘girls who eat their feelings’ are all not as attractive and overweight. The setting on this movie wasn’t that spectacular, but it was supposed to look like an average high school so it suited it quite well. The camera work used in this movie was very clever; they shot from good angles and manoeuvred around the set well. The costumes in this movie were also very stereotypical. For example, the plastics could only wear certain items of clothing on certain days and always wore tight tops and short skirts. The script of this movie was the most important feature as it was blatantly making fun of teenage cliques and had lots of sarcastic humour. I thoroughly enjoyed this movie and would give it a rating of 8. 5/10. I would recommend this film to people who enjoy films with a very comedic script and teenage themes. My only warning is that is highly politically incorrect, it makes fun of subjects such as homophobia, racism and discriminates against overweight people.

Current International Issues Between China and U.S

Current International Issues Between China and U.S Introduction The world is currently facing many global issues. These issues despite their size and weight usually lead to either positive or negative effects. Some of these global issues, if not well attended to, may cause conflicts between nations and possibly affect global economy. This calls for proper diagnosis of any arising issues so as to make sure that they are properly and adequately solved.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Current International Issues Between China and U.S specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, the booming economy of China has substantially threatened the markets and investment opportunities previously explored by the U.S (Reus-Smit 344). This paper is an exploration of how China’s fast economic growth has impacted the policies of the United States. Global issue between China and U.S.A The United States of America has for a long period of time been known as the most powerful n ation in the world. It is famous for its high stable economy which every nation yearns to achieve. China on the other hand is a largely populated nation that in the past had a very low Gross Domestic Product (Beeman 1). However, the situation has changed in the recent past as China’s economy has tremendously gone up placing her in second position after U. S.A. The rapid growth of China’s economy was greatly influenced by its government which made reforms in the major sectors of the economy. Looking at the rate at which China’s economy is growing it can be forecasted that it may overtake the economy of the U.S (Fry and Jacinta 336). Due to the fact that China is fast rising in terms of economy and the military force, there has been conflict between China and the United States of America. This conflict is what the whole world is focussing on so as to bring harmony between these two nations (Steinberg 1). A detailed look at the amount of grants and aid despatched b y U.S.A to other nations shows its importance to the entire world. The same case applies to China because of its endless list of imports and exports. The current president of U.S.A, President Obama has been the ring leader in the initiative of engaging with China (Seabrooke 304). He has campaigned for peace within the two countries telling his nation to give China a warm welcome as it is a successful and hardworking country. He further tells them that incorporating China as an ally will lead to positive results including a prosperous future for their young generation.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Not only President Obama but also the Secretary Clinton emphasizes on the creation of a bilateral relationship between China and the United States of America. The last time she was in China, she highlighted on three major issues that needed the unity of both nations to handle. She talked of security issues especially on solving the political matters of countries like Iran and North Korea (Steinberg 1). The other issue was on climatic problems like biodiversity and lastly the current economic crisis in the world. Conclusion The conflict between China and the United States has, with time, led to a harmonious relationship between the two countries. This has, in turn, led to positive impacts on the global economy and a good relationship between the two nations. Development of the relationship was necessitated by the fact China is becoming a major rival of the United States in exploring international markets and investment opportunities. In a nutshell, China’s rapid economic growth has obliged the U.S to seek alliance with the former in a bid to phase out unhealthy competition for international opportunities. Beeman, William. â€Å"Current and International Affairs† 2010- September 15, 2010. http://wbeeman.blogspot.com/ Fry, Grey and O’Hagan, Jacinta. Contending Images of World Politics 2000. London, Macmillan Press, pp336. Reus-Smit, Christian. The Politics of International Law. 2004. Cambridge University Press. Seabrooke, Leonard. US Power in International Finance. 2001. London: Palgrave.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Current International Issues Between China and U.S specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Steinberg, James.† U.S. China Cooperation on Global Issues.† 2010. September 15, 2010. https://www.state.gov/

Biography of Artist Henry Ossawa Tanner

Biography of Artist Henry Ossawa Tanner Born June 21, 1859, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Henry Ossawa Tanner is Americas best known and most popular  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Ã¢â‚¬â€¹African American artist born in the nineteenth century. His painting The Banjo Lesson (1893, Hampton University Museum, Hampton, Virginia), hangs in many classrooms and doctors offices across the nation, familiar and yet not fully understood. Few Americans know the artists name, and fewer still learn about his outstanding accomplishments that often broke through racist barriers. Early Life Tanner was born into a religious and well-educated household. His father, Benjamin Tucker Tanner, graduated from college and became a minister (and later bishop) in the African Methodist Episcopalian Church. His mother, Sarah Miller Tanner, was sent north by her mother through the Underground Railroad to escape the slavery she was born into. (The name Ossawa is based on the abolitionist John Browns nickname Osawatomie Brown, in honor of the Battle of Osawatomie, Kansas in 1856. John Brown was convicted of treason and hanged on December 2, 1859.) The Tanner family moved frequently until they settled in Philadelphia in 1864. Benjamin Tanner hoped his son would follow him into the ministry, but Henry had other ideas by the time he was thirteen. Smitten with art, the young Tanner drew, painted and visited Philadelphia exhibitions as often as possible. A short apprenticeship in a flour mill, which compromised Henry Tanners already frail health, convinced Reverend Tanner that his son should choose his own vocation. Training In 1880, Henry Ossawa Tanner enrolled in the  Ã¢â‚¬â€¹Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, becoming Thomas Eakins (1844-1916) first African American student. Eakins 1900 portrait of Tanner may reflect the close relationship they developed. Certainly, Eakins Realist training, which demanded meticulous analysis of human anatomy, can be detected in Tanners early works such as The Banjo Lesson and The Thankful Poor (1894, William H. and Camille O. Cosby Collection). In 1888, Tanner moved to Atlanta, Georgia and set up a studio to sell his paintings, photographs and art lessons. Bishop Joseph Crane Hartzell and his wife became Tanners principal patrons and ended up purchasing all his paintings in an 1891 studio exhibition. The income allowed Tanner to head for Europe to further his art education. He traveled to London and Rome and then settled in Paris to study with Jean-Paul Laurens (1838-1921) and Jean Joseph Benjamin Constant (1845-1902) at the Acadà ©mie Julien. Tanner returned to Philadelphia in 1893 and encountered racial prejudice that sent him back to Paris by 1894. The Banjo Lesson, completed during that short period in America, drew from the poem The Banjo Song, published in Paul Lawrence Dunbars (1872-1906) collection Oak and Ivy around 1892-93. Career Back in Paris, Tanner began to exhibit at the annual Salon, winning an honorable mention for Daniel in the Lions Den in 1896 and The Raising of Lazarus in 1897. These two works reflect the predominance of biblical themes in Tanners later work and his stylistic shift to a dreamy, iridescent glow throughout his images. In Birthplace of Joan of Arc at Domrà ©my-la-Pucelle (1918), we can see his impressionistic handling of the sunlight on the facade. Tanner married the American opera singer Jessie Olsson in 1899, and their son Jesse Ossawa Tanner was born in 1903. In 1908, Tanner exhibited his religious paintings in a solo show at the American Art Galleries in New York. In 1923, he became an honorary chevalier of the Order of the Legion of Honor, Frances highest award of recognition. In 1927, he became the first African American full academician elected into the National Academy of Design in New York. Tanner died at home on May 25, 1937, most likely in Paris, though some sources claim that he died in his country home in Etaples, Normandy. In 1995, Tanners early landscape Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City, ca. 1885, became the first work by an African American artist acquired by the White House. This was during the Clinton Administration.   Important Works Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City, ca. 1885, White House, Washington, D.C.The Banjo Lesson, 1893, Hampton University Museum, Hampton, VirginiaThe Thankful Poor, 1894, William H. and Camille O. Cosby CollectionDaniel in the Lions Den, 1896, Los Angeles County Museum of ArtThe Raising of Lazarus, 1897, Musà ©e dOrsay, Paris Sources: Tanner, Henry Ossawa. The Story of An Artists Life, pp. 11770-11775.Page, Walter Hines and Arthur Wilson Page (eds.). The Worlds work, Volume 18.New York: Doubleday, Page Co., 1909 Driskell, David C. Two Hundred Years of African American Art.Los Angeles and New York: Los Angeles County Museum and Alfred A. Knopf, 1976 Mathews, Marcia M. Henry Ossawa Tanner: American Artist.Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1969 and 1995 Bruce, Marcus. Henry Ossawa Tanner: A Spiritual Biography.New York: Crossroad Publishing, 2002 Sims, Lowery Stokes. African American Art: 200 Years.New York: Michael Rosenfeld Gallery, 2008

Super Heterodyne Receiver Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Super Heterodyne Receiver - Assignment Example Contents Contents 3 1.Introduction: 4 2.Super Heterodyne Receiver: Theory: 5 2.1.Structure of Super Heterodyne Receiver: 7 3.Super Heterodyne Receiver: Features: 9 4.Super Heterodyne FM (Frequency Modulation) Receiver: 11 5.Super Heterodyne Receiver: Applications: 12 6.Advantages and Disadvantages of Super Heterodyne Receivers: 13 7.Conclusion: 13 References 14 Appendices 16 List of Figures Serial No. Figure Page No. Figure 1 Block diagram of super heterodyne radio receiver 7 Figure 2 Structure of the Super Heterodyne Receiver 8 Figure 3 Super Heterodyne FM Receiver 12 List of Tables Serial No. Table Page No. Table 1 The Basic Elements of Super Heterodyne Radio Receiver 9 Table 2 Electrical Characteristics of AM Super Heterodyne Receiver 10 Table 3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Super Heterodyne Receivers 13 List of Appendices Serial No. Appendix Page No. Appendix A Signals generated by mixing two signals together 17 1. Introduction: A super heterodyne receiver is defined as a radio receiver where two signals of radio-frequencies are combined by an action of a heterodyne delivering a signal that exceeds the limit of frequency that is audible. Amplification and demodulation of this produced signal produces a desired signal of audio-frequency. A super heterodyne receiver is also called as superhet (Superheterodyne receiver). The primary objective of super heterodyne receiver is production of an intermediate frequency on a constant basis such that efficiency of amplification and uniform selectivity, along with uniform sensitivity can be obtained (Thomas and Sekhar 313). The design of the receiver is usually such that it has a very good power of sensitivity thereby allowing even weak signals to deliver an output that can be considered as significant. However, there are problems with the receiver as well particularly when a strong station is tunes in to by anyone, a high gain occurs as a result of which amplifiers become overloaded causing poor and distorted intell igence of the receiver to deliver the desired signals (Thomas and Sekhar 313). The present study focuses on an understanding the theory and working of the super heterodyne receiver, thereby learning about its circuit, its features, its advantages and disadvantages and its applications. 2. Super Heterodyne Receiver: Theory: The super heterodyne receiver is one of the most popular radio receivers of the present times. It was invented during the end of the First World War by Edwin Armstrong, an American. Since them the use of the receiver has extensively increased in broadcast radios, televisions, and several other types of receivers. The theory behind the concept of the receiver involves a process of mixing. Two signals are multiplied together by with the use of radio-frequency mixers. With such a multiplication occurring with the signals, there is a direct signal delivered at the input and another produced at the output. The frequencies of the input and the output vary from each othe r, thereby leading new signals to be formed. Thus if f1 and f2 are two frequencies of the input signal, then the signals that are formed newly reflect frequencies of values (f1+f2) and (f1-f2) (The superhet or superheterodyne radio receiver). This can be explained by an example (The

Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Ethics - Research Paper Example Employees mostly follow the actions of the leaders such that if an employee knows that a leader is dishonest in business dealings, there is the likelihood that he or she will conduct business ignoring the laid down rules and procedures. Ethical climate can best be defined as part of an organisations culture. Organisation is like a tribe where the members have their own way of communicating, beliefs and assumptions as well as power structure. The elements combine to form an organisation’s culture. Different organisations are faced with are faced with different sets of ethical challenges and there is established moral values and norms which serve as guidelines for establishing ethical standards. Ethical climate as such determines what members of an organisation see as right or wrong shaping their ethical decision making and behaviour. Ethical climate is of paramount importance since it boosts the morale of employees, enriches organisational commitment and fosters an involved workforce and improves employee retention (Gilliland, 2007). Biases that affect moral decision making are antisocial actions that harm others in the organisation and by extension affect the productivity of business in such an organisation. Such biases include discrimination due to gender, age, disability, level of education or job definition in the work place. Such ill treatment is guided by existing stereo types and prejudice. These stereotypes for example are the notion that old people cannot learn new skills or the belief that some races are lazy such as the Hispanic. Discrimination in the work place is generally expressed subtly through behaviours such as disregarding the achievements of people due to the colour of their skin, women, and low class status. Hiring and promotion is also done on the same basis such that some organisations will promote men despite having lesser qualifications and experience than the women (Giacalone, 2003). Nepotism is another form of bias that can affect

To Kill A Mocking Bird : Children Are What They Learn (grade 10 Essay :: essays research papers fc

Children are often influenced by adults in their life. Children often receive advice and encouragement from their parents or adult figures. In Haper Lee's novel, To Kill A Mockingbird, Atticus Finch helps, his daughter, Scout deal with situations, causing her to become a mature, open-minded individual. Scout learns about courage when Atticus sends her and Jem to read to Mrs. Dubose everyday. Scout learns to fight with her heads instead of her fists when Atticus is defending Tom Robinson. Scout finally learns what Atticus means when he says that you can't understand a person until you walk around in their skin. Atticus' influence shows in Scout accompanying Jem to Mrs. Dubose's. First, Scout learns about courage from Atticus. One can see this when Atticus sends her and Jem to read to Mrs. Dubose as a punishment for destroying her garden. Scout at first does not realize the courage Mrs. Dubose has. She thinks that she is just an angry, bitter old woman. Through going with Jem each day to her house, Scout finally discovers how courageous Mrs. Dubose is. One can see this when Atticus says, "‘I wanted you to see something about her – I wanted you to see what real courage is instead of getting the idea that courage is a man with a gun in his hand. It's when you know you're licked before you begin but you begin anyway and see it through no matter what'" (116). This quote clearly shows that Scout learns about courage through the influence of Atticus, as well as Mrs. Dubose. It shows that Atticus does his best to steer his children in the right direction so they will mature into kind, loving people. Atticus also influences Scout when he a sks her to fight with her head. Second, Scout learns how to fight with her head. One can see this when Atticus is talking to her about the Tom Robinson trail. He tells her that several people in the town will say mean things about him, and that instead of attacking them, or fighting them, Scout should ignore them. He tells her to hold her head up high. One can see this when Scout says, "Somehow, if I fought Cecil I would let Atticus down. Atticus so rarely asked Jem and me to do something for him, I could take being called a coward for him" (81). This quote illustrates that because of Atticus, Scout chose not to fight.

A Shifting Self of a Postmodern Detective in City of Glass

The main character in City of the Glass has a split subjectivity and is presented to the readers at the first beginning as having multiple identities. â€Å"In the triad of selves that Quinn had become, Wilson served as a kind of ventriloquist. Quinn himself was the dummy, and Work was the animated voice that gave purpose to the enterprise† (Austere, 6). Quinn publishes under the pseudonym William Wilson and lives through Max Work, the novel hero he creates. William Wilson is only â€Å"an invention† that serves as the â€Å"bridge† for him to walk into Works detective voice (Austere, 4).Quinn is solely the puppeteer â€Å"dummy' – an empty husk. His thinking and Interior voice Is substituted by Max Work, who gives life to Quinn In his solitude. As Is written In the novel, â€Å"the writer and the detective are interchangeable† (Austere, 8). The â€Å"private eye† looks into objects and events in search of ideas, in order to make sense of th em, leading to an ultimate truth. For Quinn, the â€Å"private eye† holds â€Å"a triple meaning† (Austere, 8). Throughout the story, we as readers are engaged in the split of ‘l' when we look into the case with the three eyes.One is of an â€Å"Investigator†, probably Max Work who discerns details and traces of facts; two is room the lifeless â€Å"self† wealth Quinn, who keeps a distance from the outer world; and the last eye from the writer or narrator of the story that appears In the end when the case dissolves. The destabilize of subject challenges the readers, as the detective drifts from one identity to another, we also lost a stable detective eye to scrutinize the case. The imaginary figure Max Work is present in the world of others – the fictive outside world.For this reason he is more real and powerful than Quinn. â€Å"The more Quinn seemed to vanish, the more persistent Work's presence In that world became† (Austere, 9). HI S vanishing Inclination Is perhaps due to his alienation In actual world. After the death of his loved ones, he is no longer the ambitious part of him that published a number of works. He hides behind his pseudonym to be in touch with his agent, publisher and readers on the surface. Having no friends and family, he â€Å"no longer exists for anyone but himself† (Austere, 4).This isolation of himself from others accounts for his desire to replace a unified Quinn with multiple Identities, since there Is no connection with others that anchors his subjectivity. And afflicted with all the devastating experience and traumatic memory. Max Work, on the other hand, is an â€Å"aggressive† and â€Å"quick-tongued† (Austere, 9) detective figure whose consciousness Quinn relies on throughout the investigation. Though he has no knowledge of any crime, he attempts to draw relations between events Just like Max would do.Max embodies a modern detective notion of attaining truth through one's rationality and consistency, yet Quinn represents a deciphering subject without a coherent self. A classic detective novel hails the power of reason, and a traditional detective's observation to uncover mysteries is associated with seeking transcendent truth in a modernist perspective. Quinn's desire to lose himself, or to assume alternative identities are incongruous with a traditional detective, who generally has a coherent and consistent self (Sourpuss, 76). The quest for Peter Stallion Sir. s identity is also an attempt to find Quinn himself, which is revealed in his putting down his initial, Q in his red notebook that records the case. However, indulged in the case, Quinn easily shifts himself into the role of detective â€Å"Paul Austere†, an author in the novel mistaken for a detective. â€Å"To be Austere meant being a man with no interior, a man with no thoughts†, â€Å"If his own inner life had been made inaccessible, hen there was no place fo r him to retreat to† (Austere, 61). By being Paul Austere, Quinn empties his inner life and takes up the consciousness of another imaginative figure, a role shaped after detective models.Quinn becomes a mere husk and has nowhere to go back, which shadows his final destiny of disappearing from the scene. Towards the end, the death of Peter Stallion and Quinn's encounter with the real Paul Austere makes him realize his inability to uncover the truth. He is â€Å"nowhere† and â€Å"he knew nothing† (Austere, 104), which is the beginning state of being nowhere he desired. This detective story seems a circle returning to the original point, compared to a linear structure of a conventional one with a definite solution.Without solving the puzzle, Quinn loses himself eventually. Sourpuss wrote that the detective must be a consistent person that enables him to concentrate on the mystery outside of him. Therefore, a degree of ambiguity involved in the detective's very iden tity will interfere with his ability to tackle the mystery at hand (76). As this applies to Quinn, a writer-detective who gets lost in the labyrinth in search of his own identity, it explains he failure of the investigation with no solution in the end.

Customer Retention in Telecom Industry - 5857 Words

Customer Retention: With Special Reference to Telecommunication Industry in Sri Lanka K. A. Silva Lanka Com Services (Pvt) Limited, Colombo, Sri Lanka S. T. W. S. Yapa Department of Decision sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka samanyapa@sjp.ac.lk ABSTRACT The landscape of the telecommunication industry in Sri Lanka has been changed drastically since the deregulation of telecommunication sector in early 1990s. Number of service providers has been increased from one, i.e state monopoly, to more than 70 within a short period of time. With the increased competition telecom service providers find it difficult to retain the existing customers. In that context the objective of this research explanatory†¦show more content†¦The relationship is seen as mediated by social norms and situational factors. Cognitive, affective, and conative antecedents of relative attitude are identified as contributing to loyalty, along with motivational, perceptual, and behavioural consequences ( Dick and Basu , 1994). In the customer centred business, survival remains to the degree that customer satisfaction is met. Previous research studies have shows that the repurchase intent was the main benefit of customer retention. However, some had identified multiple benefits like repurchase intent, price tolerance, willingness to recommend etc. In reaching retention, vendors should manage satisfaction and consequences of Customer Loyalty (Naranyandas, 1998). Loyalty too has a pyramid effect that suggests of having hierarchy in loyalty levels between customer and vendor. Change in loyalty level will manifest itself in the presence of specific attitude and behaviour (Aaker, 1991). Customer loyalty and satisfaction are integral part of customer retention process. 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